Nevada/California Regional Honors Institute
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Phi Theta Kappa
Nevada-California Region

The Dimensions and Directions of Health:
Choices in the Maze

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At The Pharmacy

Many of our present drugs are the products of other living organisms or are synthetic copies of the naturally obtained substances. Most of our antibiotics are made by bacteria. Several of the biologically active compounds from plants are the oldest known drugs. Most of these biologically active compounds in plants are potentially toxic compounds called alkaloids. Alkaloids in Coca leaves have been used to treat fatigue and to increase endurance for over 500 years. Pharmaceutical companies still look at plants and microorganisms for unique chemicals that have therapeutic value.

Sometimes modern scientists (called ethnobotanists) go to remote areas of the world to talk with the tribal shaman about plant products used to treat disease symptoms.

C M A B S P I R A E A C
D A U C I N C H O N A C
I P M I L A R D E H P E
G D P I L A E E F G O P
I H A I L L V F J K R H
T L P M N L I I F O T A
A T A X U S I C C O A E
L P V Q C O L A I E C L
I G E N T I A N A N P I
S T R E P T O M Y C E S
G L Y C Y R R H I Z A P

Click here to show the word puzzle in a small window that you can print or view next to the questions.click here
What is the scientific name of the plant or microbe that provides each of the drugs described in each of the following questions. Hint: All the scientific names are in the word puzzle.

1. The first antibiotic, a chemical produced by one organism that inhibits growth of other organisms, was isolated from this fungus in the 1940s. The fungus in current commercial use was isolated from a cantaloupe.
2. Seeds of this West African plant contain the stimulants theobromeline and caffeine; use of this plant produced a popular beverage and accounts for half of the name in "Coca Cola".
3. The central nervous system stimulant, caffeine, is found in the seeds of this North African plant. The seeds, in fruit called cherries, are roasted in different processes such as French, cinnnamon, and Starbuck's.
4. This ubiquitous plant produces the alkaloids used in cold and hayfever medications and to treat tremors; these alkaloids block the parasympathetic nervous system.
5. Alkaloids from this desert plant act on the sympathetic nervous system much like adrenaline (epinephine); the drug is used to treat asthma, to increase blood pressure, and to dilate eyes.
6. This foxglove produces a steroid used to treat heart failure.
7. The alkaloid, ipecac, from this South American plant is used to induce vomiting in the treatment of poisonings.
8. This North American conifer produces the drug paclitaxel (generic name, Taxol) that stops cell division and is used to treat breast cancer.
9. Most antibiotics are produced by this bacterial genus found in in the soil.
10. The use of willows to relieve pain led to the discovery of acetylsalicyclic acid in another plant. This plant, queen of the meadow, was honored in the name "aspirin."
11. A root extract from this European plant, called "bitters;" is used to ease stomach pain.
12. The first antimalarial drug, quinine, is a alkaloid produced by this South American tree
13. Alkaloids from the fungus that causes wheat rust produce ergot, a drug used to control bleeding and to cause uterine contraction.
14. The pain killer, morphine, is an aklaloid produced by this Asian plant.
15. Extracts of this Asian plant, obtained from boiling the leaves, contain a variety of antioxidants that may be of value in preventing cancer and heart disease.
16. Extracts of the roots of this European plant are used in cough medicines and to treat constipation.
   

 

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