Student Project: Sean Stewart

RESEARCH QUESTION:

What contributing factors facilitated hostilities between the Modocs and U.S. in 1872-3 war.

In 1873 the U.S. Army fought a widely forgotton battle with a small band of Modoc Indians. Those 55 Indians kept the Army at bay for almost 7 months, perpetrated the only killing of a U.S. General in the regular army, and created "the most costly Indian war in lives and money in U.S. military history."

Cheewa, James. The Modoc Indians: A Native American Saga. 5 Mar. 2003. 1 Apr. 2003<http://www.cheewa.com/modoc.html>

Howard, Sam. The Modoc War - History. 20 Jun. 2000. 1 Apr. 2003. <http://maxpages.com/modocwar>

Murray, Keith. The Modocs and Their War. Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 1959

Oregon Public Broadcasting. Modoc War.© 2003. 3-29-03. <http://www.opb.org/programs/ofg/913/modoc/index.html>

Riddle, Jeff C. The Indian History of the Modoc War. Eugene: Urion Press, 1914

Jeff C. Riddle was the son of Winema (Toby Riddle). She was the interpreter between the U.S army and the Modoc. Mr. Riddle was present for many of the incedences that happened near Tule Lake in 1873 and therefore had firsthand knowledge and insights into the historic events that occured. The writing is not formal, in fact he apologizes for his lack of skill in the english language. His knowledge and the informality of this book make it a valuable work and well worth reading. Anyone interested in California history, Indian History, or American History should not miss it.

Thomson, Erwin. Modoc War: It's Military History and Typography. Sacramento: Argus books, 1971
<Full Text> can be found on National Park Service Website.