1. On which of the following did Linnaeus base his classification system?
a. morphology and anatomy
b. evolutionary history
c. the fossil record
d. A and B only
e. A, B, and C

2. In evolutionary terms, the more closely related two different organisms are, the
a. more similar their habitats are.
b. less similar their DNA sequences are.
c. more recently they shared a common ancestor.
d. less likely they are to be related to fossil forms.
e. more similar they are in size.

3. Which statement about natural selection is most correct?
a. Adaptations beneficial in one habitat should generally be beneficial in all other habitats as well.
b. Different species that together occupy the same habitat will adapt to that habitat by undergoing the same genetic changes.
c. Adaptations beneficial at one time should generally be beneficial during all other times as well.
d. Well-adapted individuals leave more offspring, and thus contribute more to the gene pool, than poorly adapted individuals.
e. Natural selection is the sole means by which populations can evolve.

4. Given a population that contains genetic variation, what is the correct sequence of the following events, under the influence of natural selection? 1-Differential reproduction occurs. 2-A new selective pressure arises. 3-Gene frequencies within the population change. 4-Poorly adapted individuals have decreased survivorship.
a. 2, 4, 1, 3
b. 4, 2, 1, 3
c. 4, 1, 2, 3
d. 4, 2, 3, 1
e. 2, 4, 3, 1

5. To observe natural selection's effects on a population, what must be true?
a. One must observe more than one generation of the population
b. The population must contain genetic variation.
c. Members of the population must increase or decrease the use of some portion of their anatomy.
d. A and C only
e. A and B only

6. In the name Procyon lotor, Procyon is the
a. kingdom
b. family
c. class
d. genus
e. species

7. The scientific name of the wolverine is correctly writen
a. Gulo lusca
b. gulo lusca
c. gulo lusca
d. wolverine
e. Mustelidae

8. If the HMS Beagle had completely bypassed the Galapagos Islands, Darwin would have had a much poorer understanding of
a. the age of Earth.
b. the ability of populations to undergo modification as they adapt to a particular environment.
c. the tendency of organisms to produce a larger number of offspring than the environment can support.
d. the limited resources available to support population growth in most natural environments.
e. how fossils of marine organisms could be found high in the Andes.

9. A biologist studied a population of squirrels for 15 years. During that time, the population was never fewer than 30 squirrels and never more than 45. Her data showed that over half of the squirrels born did not survive to reproduce, because of competition for food and predation. In a single generation, 90% of the squirrels that were born lived to reproduce, and the population increased to 80. What inferences might you make about this population?
a. The amount of available food may have increased.
b. The number of predators may have decreased.
c. The squirrels of subsequent generations should show greater levels of variation than previous generations because squirrels that would not have survived in the past will now survive.
d. A and B only
e. A, B, and C

10. If 3TC resistance is costly for HIV, then which plot (I-IV) best represents the response of a strain of 3TC-resistant HIV over time, if 3TC administration begins at the time indicated by the arrow?

a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
e. all of the above

11. Which of the following statements about species, as defined by the biological species concept, is (are) correct? 1-Biological species are defined by reproductive isolation. 2-Biological species are the model used for grouping extinct forms of life.3-The biological species is the largest unit of population in which successful reproduction is possible.
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 1 and 3
d. 2 and 4
e. 1, 2, and 3

12. Some species of Anopheles mosquito live in brackish water, some in running fresh water, and others in stagnant water. What type of reproductive barrier is most obviously separating these different species?
a. habitat isolation
b. temporal isolation
c. behavioral isolation
e. gaetic isolation
e. anatomic isolation

13. Two species of pine shed their pollen at different times What type of reproductive barrier is most obviously separating these different species?
a. habitat isolation
b. temporal isolation
c. behavioral isolation
e. gaetic isolation
e. anatomic isolation

14. Mating fruit flies recognize the appearance, odor, tapping motions, and sounds of members of their own species, but not of other species What type of reproductive barrier is most obviously separating these different species?
a. habitat isolation
b. temporal isolation
c. behavioral isolation
e. gaetic isolation
e. anatomic isolation

15. Theoretically, the production of sterile mules by interbreeding between female horses and male donkeys should
a. result in the extinction of one of the two parental species.
b. cause convergent evolution
c. reinforce postzygotic barriers between horses and donkeys.
d. weaken the intrinsic reproductive barriers between horses and donkeys
e. eventually result in the formation of a single species from the two parental species.