1. Which of the following terms or structures is not associated with animals?
a. eukaryotic
b. cell wall
c. desmosome
d. zygote
e. blastula

2. Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic. What distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy is that only animals derive their nutrition
a. from organic matter.
b. by preying on animals.
c. by ingesting it.
d. by consuming living, rather than dead, prey.
e. by using enzymes to digest their food.

3. Which of the following is not unique to animals?
a. cells that have tight junctions, desmosomes, or gap junctions
b. the structural protein collagen
c. nervous conduction and muscular movement
d. regulatory genes called Hox genes
e. sexual reproduction

4. The major branches of Eumetazoa are the Radiata and the Bilateria. These names refer to what characteristic of these animals?
a. size
b. body symmetry
c. embryonic cleavage
d. types of appendages
e. presence or absence of a nucleus in their cells

5. Organisms showing radial symmetry would likely
a. be good swimmers.
b. have rapid escape behavior.
c. move from place to place relatively slowly, if at all.
d. be able to fly.
e. have many fins.

6. Organisms that are neither coelomate nor pseudocoelomate should, apart from their digestive systems, have bodies that
a. are solid with tissue.
b. lack the ability to metabolize food
c. are incapable of muscular contraction.
d. lack true tissues.
e. lack mesodermally derived tissues

7. What kind of data should probably have the greatest impact on animal taxonomy in the coming decades?
a. fossil evidence
b. comparative morphology of living species
c. nucleotide sequences of homologous genes
d. similarities in metabolic pathways
e. the number and size of chromosomes within nuclei

8. Which of the following organisms are deuterostomes?
a. molluscs
b. annelids
c. echinoderms
d. chordates
e. both C and D

9. The ostrich and the emu look very similar and live in similar habitats, however, they are not very closely related. This is an example of
a. divergent evolution.
b. convergent evolution.
c exaptation.
d. adaptive radiation.
e. sympatric speciation.

10. Which of the following pairs are homologous?
a. bat wing and human hand
b. owl wing and hornet wing
c. porcupine quill and cactus spine
e. bat forelimg and bird wing
e. Australian mole and North American mole

11. The common house fly belongs to all of the following taxa. Assuming you had access to textbooks or other scientific literature, knowing which of the following should provide you with the greatest amount of detailed information about this specific organism?
a. order Diptera
b. family Muscidae
c. genus Musca
d. class Hexapoda
e. phylym Artrhopoda

Use this figure for questions 12 and 13.

12. A common ancestor for both species C and E could be at position number
a. 1.
b. 2.
c. 3.
d. 4.
e. 5.

13. The two extant species are are most closely rrelated to each other are
a. A and B
b. B and C
c. C and D
d. D and E
e. E and A

14. If this figure is an accurate depiction of relatedness, then which taxon is unacceptable, based on cladistics?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5

15. The recent extimate that HIV-1M first jumped to humans in the 1930s is based on
a. the first clinial evidence of AIDS recored in local village records in Africa.
b. a molecular clock that used changes in sequences of an HIV gene samples from patients over the past 40 years to project backward to an extimated origin.
c, a comparison of homologous genes in HIV found in different priamtes.
d. a parsimonious explanation of the evolutionary relationships among various strains of the virus found in humans at the present time.
the recent discovery of HIV in a blood sample saved from the 1930s.