1. If you traveled north (at sea level) from Izabel, Guatemala (15 N) to Prudhoe Bay, Alaska (72 N), in what order would you cross the following: 1-tundra; 2-chaparral; 3-coniferous forest; 4-timberline; 5-tropical rain forest; 6-desert
a. 6,5,4,3,2,1
b. 1,2,3,4,5,6
c. 5,6,2,3,4,1
d. 5,6,4,3,2,1
e. 3,2,4,5,6,1

2. Which of the following is most likely a tertiary consumer?
a. A fox eating a rabbit
b. A deer eating leaves
c. A shark eating a fish-eating seal
d. A bird eating a grasshopper
e. None of the above

3. Which of the following organisms feeds at all trophic (energy) levels?
a. Parasites
b. Carnivores
c. Herbivores
d. Predators
e. None of the above

4. Suppose a food chain consists of four trophic levels, beginning with primary producers. If the amount of energy fixed by the producers is denoted by x, approximately how much energy will probably be available to the fourth trophic level?
a. 1.0x
b. 0.1x
c. 0.01x
d. 0.001x
e. 0.0001x

5. In a tide pool, 15 species of invertebrates were reduced to eight after one species was removed. The species removed was likely a(n)
a. community facilitator.
b. keystone species.
c. herbivore.
d. resource partitioner.
e. mutualistic organism.

6. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Herbivores require less energy than carnivores
b. More energy is available to herbivores than to carnivores
c. Carnivores can improve their diet by eating herbivores
d. Carnivores assimilate energy less efficiently than herbivores
e. Herbivores require less food than carnivores

7. Which of the following sequences correctly illustrates a food chain?
a. Diatoms-fish-human-insects
b. Fish-insect larvae-algae-human
c. Insect larvae-algae-fish-human
d. Algae-mayfly larvae-trout-human
e. Damselfly larvae-trout-algae-grizzly bear

8. In most food chains:
a. There are fewer individuals at the top predator level than at the second trophic level
b. There is less usable energy at the herbivore level than at the carnivore level
c. There are few individuals at the decomposer level
d. There is more usable energy at the carnivore level
e. None of the above

9. If you are climbing a mountain and pass through a mixed evergreen forest, the next zone that you would pass through would most likely be:
a. Tundra
b. Hudsonian (Taiga)
c. Rain forest
d. Lower Sonoran
e. Grassland

10. Harsh winters, leaf-shedding hardwood trees, well-defined seasons, and 80 cm of annual precipitation describe the:
a. Tundra
b. Tropical rain forest
c. Temperate deciduous forest
d. Coniferous forest
e. None of the above

11. The tropical rain forest plants would be expected to have all of the following characteristics except:
a. Evergreen
b. Needle-like leaves
c. Broad leaves
d. Spines
e. Shallow roots

12. The Hudsonian (Taiga) plants would be expected to have all of the following characteristics except:
a. Broad leaves
b. Low-growth
c. Needle-life leaves
d. A-frame trees
e. Many stomata

13. Ammonia added to a lake would have all of the following effects except:
a. Increased algae growth
b. Decreased species diversity
c. Kill all algae
d. Decrease oxygen
e. None of the above

14. Which one of the following statements is false?
a. Deserts often display extreme daily variations in temperature
b. It is common to find plants in tropical rain forests that do not put their roots in soil
c. The subsoil of the tundra is permanently frozen
d. The dominant plants in the coastal scrub are redwoods
e. Vast numbers of waterfowl nest on the tundra

15. An ecological equivalent of a North American mountain lion is:
a. A North American deer
b. A South American Jaguar
c. An Australian kangaroo
d. An African zebra
e. A North American rabbit