Photosynthesis

Absorption spectrum

Accessory pigments

Action spectrum

Bacteriochlorophyll

Bacteriorhodopsin

Bundle-sheath cells

C₃

C₄

Calvin cycle

CAM plants

Carbon fixation

Carotenoids

Chlorophyll a

Chlorophyll b

Cyclic photophosphorylation

Light reactions

Noncyclic photophosphorylation

PEP carboxylase

Photolysis

Photophosphorylation

Photorespiration

Photosynthesis

Photosystem I

Photosystem II

Reaction center

Rubisco

Thylakoid

Seventy years ago, Albert Kluyver developed the study of "comparative biochemistry." He realized that all energy producing reactions in living organisms are oxidation reactions. Explain how each of the following processes meet this criterion:

A yeast fermenting sugars

A mammalian cell using O₂

E. coli using nitrate ion

A S-using chemotroph

A photoautotroph