The answers will be submitted online. Type your answers out before going to the online answer sheet so you can paste in the correct answers and not run out of time.

Look at the apoptosis movie to answer questions 1-3 below (http://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/scivid/apoptosis/index.cfm/)
1. Describe in your own words the physical change you see in cell undergoing apoptosis.
2. Why would you want to control apoptosis in cancer?
3. Why would you want to control apoptosis in strokes?

Look at (the 1 MB movie of) Dictyostelium and use your text book to answer questions 4-6.
4. Is the cytoskeleton rigid like the vertebrate skeleton?
5. What is Dictyostelium (See Lab 1 help page)?
6. You used a slime mold (Physarum) in Lab Experiment 1. Which life cycle represents the life cycle of Dictyostelium? (The other one must be Physarum.)

7. PubMed is an index to articles published in medical and scientific journals maintained by the National Library for Medicine. Check out PubMed (choose the PubMed database) by looking for an article on a disease associated with the cytoskeleton. Give the article citation in the proper format. Note, that PubMed is an index--the articles are published in peer-reviewed journals, not in PubMed.

For questions 8-11. Information science has been applied to biology in the field of bioinformatics. The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) creates public databases for storage and organization of the vast amount of informtion available on proteins and genes. Genomic maps are published in a database called BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool). Go to the Map View in BLAST, click on. . to the right of Homo sapiens.
8. What is the longest chromosome?
9. How many different human nuclear chromosomes are there?
10. What's mt?
11. Type eye color in the Search For box. What chromosome(s) is eye color on?
12 The protein 53 (p53) gene is a tumor suppressor gene, i.e., its activity stops the formation of tumors. If a person inherits only one functional copy of the p53 gene from their parents, they are predisposed to cancer and usually develop several independent tumors in a variety of tissues in early adulthood. However, mutations in p53 are found in most tumor types, and so contribute to the complex network of molecular events leading to tumor formation. Type protein 53 in the Search Box. On what chromosome is the p53 gene located? The protein encoded by p53 has 393 amino acids. Mutations would change one or more amino acids. A DNA array can be used to detect the specific mutation in a patient. What is the value of knowing the specific mutation in a patient's cancer cells?

For questions 13-15. Assume you have isolated a protein and sequenced the amino acids in that protein. The amino acids are abbreviated by single letters (Amino acid code). (FASTA is a way of writing proteins and nucleic acids in one letter codes that work in any language. FASTA stands for Fast All.) Use BLAST to see if this protein is known and what its function is. Go to NCBI home, select BLAST from the menu. Select Protein BLAST. Copy and paste the following into the FASTA Search box. Then click the blue BLAST button at the bottom of the page..

ETLMEYLENPKKYIPGTKMIFAG

When the results are tabulated,

13. What is the protein?
14. Provide a one-sentence description of the function of this protein.
15. Click on Taxonomy Reports. What other types of organisms have this protein?

For questions 16-18. Return to Protein BLAST, Copy and paste the following into the Search box. Then click the BLAST! button at the bottom of the page.

VHLTPEEKSAVTALWGKVNVDEVGGEALGRLLVVYPWTQRFFESFGDLST
PDAVMGNPKVKAHGKKVLGAFSDGLAHLDNLKGTFATLSELHCDKLHVD
PENFRLLGNVLVCVLAHHFGKEFTPPVQAAYQKVVAGVANALAHKYH

16. What is the protein?

Now paste the following into the Search box.

VHLTPVEKSAVTALWGKVNVDEVGGEALGRLLVVYPWTQRFFESFGDLST
PDAVMGNPKVKAHGKKVLGAFSDGLAHLDNLKGTFATLSELHCDKLHVD
PENFRLLGNVLVCVLAHHFGKEFTPPVQAAYQKVVAGVANALAHKYH

17. How does this amino acid sequence differ from the one is question 16?
18. What disease is caused by this protein?

19. Phytophthora infestans caused the Irish Potato Famine (1845). Follow the links on the Ref to learn about this pathogen.
Now Where is the Phytophthora infestation nearest to you? Is it in potatoes?

20. Look at the video: In your own words describe what the zoopores do when released from the sporangium?

21. Browse the sites on careers in biology. What new career(s) did you learn about?

22. Identify (or come as close as you can to) this cell.

23. Identify (or come as close as you can to) this cell.

24. Identify (or come as close as you can to) this cell.