Human Biology

Practice Quiz

The following is an old exam that I have previously given to this class. Try and take this examination in the manner that it will be presented in class. You have roughly 1 minute for each multiple choice question.
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1) Which is the smallest unit of life that can exist as a separate entity?

A cell

a molecule

an organ

a population

2) Atoms and Molecules

All living organisms contain the following atoms C (carbon) N (nitrogen), O (oxygen), and H (hydrogen). These atoms and some others are combined to make the molecules that form the building blocks of life. These buildinblocks can either be constructed by cells by moving atoms from other structures to make new structures, or the entire building blocks are supplied from food.

Listed below are the four types of organic molecules that make up living organisms. Which of the listed organic molecules is matched to the correct elements that make up this molecule?

carbohydrates (an energy source) contain C,N and H

proteins contain (enzymes are proteins) C,O,H,N and some S (sulfur)

lipids contain (an energy source)C,O,H

nucleic acids (the information molecules of the cell) contain C,O,H and P

3) Nutrition and the structures of cells

A cell is the smallest unit of life. Everything that is outside of a cell is not living and is a part of the environment. Everything on the inside of the cell is a part of that living entity. The plasma membrane is the structure that defines the cell. The plasma membrane is composed of a phospholipid bylayer that surrounds the cytoplasm or liquid and soluble protein components of a cell. In order to grow and perform normal metabolic functions the cell must be able to transport substances from the outer environment to the inside of the cell. These molecules that are essential to the growth and metabolism of the cell must be able to cross the phospholipid bylayter.

 

Which of the following choices is a reasonable hypothesis as to how substances can move across the plasma membrane of a cell?

Small molecules like Oxygen and Carbon dioxide can readily diffuse through the plasma membrane

Larger molecules must first be broken down into their constituent elements of C,N,H and O on the outside of the cell, diffuse across the membrane and are then assembled on the inside

Larger molecules need to enter cells by special structures called channels, that form larger holes inside the plasma membrane so the molecules can move from the outside of the cell to the inside.

Some molecules are soluble in the plasma membrane and do not require openings to occur in the plasma membrane in order to enter a cell

 

4) Which of the following is the human body structurally and physiologically adapted to do?

reproduce

defend itself

obtain energy from the sun

go without oxygen for long periods

5) The ability to acquire, store, transfer, or utilize energy is called

biochemistry

photosynthesis

metabolism

respiration

6) About twelve to twenty-four hours after the last meal, a person's blood sugar level normally varies from 60 to 90 milligrams per 100 milliliters of blood, though it may rise to 130mg/100ml after meals high in carbohydrates. That the blood sugar level is maintained within a fairly narrow range despite uneven intake of sugar is due to the body's ability to carry out

adaptation

inheritance

metabolism

homeostasis

7) Which of the following is the human body structurally and physiologically adapted to do?

reproduce

defend itself

withstand freezing temperatures

obtain energy from the sun

8) The prefix Deca means 10. so a decamer would be

force

ten of something

lipid

a protein with 10 thousand parts

9) Which is the smallest portion of a substance that retains the properties of an element?

atom

compound

ion

molecule

10) The most abundant elements in the body are:

hydrogen

oxygen

nitrogen

carbon

11) The long bones of the human skeleton can be hollow and yet retain great strength because

Bone is a connective tissue with a liquid ground substance

the hollow portions of the bone are supported by spongy bone

Bone is a dense crystalline substance with no living cells

Bone is a nonliving structure

12) you have just drank a cola. It has a slightly sour taste> You test the pH and it is 5.0. Knowing the pH scale like you do, you would call the drink...

neutral

spoiled

acidic

basic

13) A molecule is

A combination of two or more atoms

less stable than its constituent atoms separated

electrically charged

a carrier of one or more extra neutrons

14) How do hydrophobic molecules interact with water?

attracted to

absorbed by

repelled by

mixed with

15) Your body is made up of a number of tissues that combine to form organs. some parts of your body are filled with a tissue that just takes up space. this tissue is usually

muscle tissue

nervous tissue

epithelial tissue

connective tissue

16) The rate of diffusion through a semi permeable membrane will be lowest when the

differences in concentration on either side are the greatest

temperature is raised to near boiling

differences in concentration on either side are the least

actions of active transport override diffusion

17) the phospholipid molecules of most membranes have

a hydrophobic head and a hydrophilic tail

a hydrophobic head and a hydrophobic tail

a hydrophobic head and two hydrophobic tails

a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails

18) A red blood cell will swell and burst when placed in which of the following kinds of solution?

hypotonic

hypertonic

isotonic

any of the above

19) Which are found as organelles in all human cells?

cell membrane

nucleus

RNA

mitochondria

20) Humans derive most of their immediate energy from

fats

carbohydrates

proteins

steroids

21) different tissues integrated and functioning with a common purpose defines

organisms

organ systems

subtissues

organs

 22) The tissue that lines internal surfaces of the body is

epithelial

supportive connective

loose connective

fibrous

 23) What type of epithelium would you expect to find where there is considerable secretion of enzymes such as the small intestine?

cuboidal

columnar

squamous

pseudostratified

 24) What type of junction would be used between cells to keep molecules from freely crossing the epithelium?

gap junction

tight junction

desmosome

microvillus

 25) Which of the following are included in the term connective tissue?

bone

cartilage

skeletal muscle

collagen

 26) Muscle that is not striped and is involuntary is

cardiac

skeletal

striated

smooth

 27) Which of the following are functions of bone?

movement of the body

support

mineral storage

blood cell formation

 28) the quantity 12 applies to which of these vertebral groupings?

lumbar

cervical

thoracic

coccyx

 29) The process that moves nutrients into a cell is

diffusion

assimilation

digestion

ingestion

 30) Which process propels the food down the esophagus into the stomach?

glycolysis

emulsion

plasmolysis

peristalsis

Long and involved questions.

If you would like practice read the question and then answer the question in the form of an email. I will be glad to evaluate your answer.

1. Make a drawing of a typical smooth muscle cell and a neuron. Label at least 5 organelles in each cell. What functions do each of these cells perform and what functions do these cells do individually. What organelles are critical in this difference?

2. Movement of a joint: Answer the following questions for the elbow. a) what type of joint is it? what are the bones the come together at this joint? what is the most distal bone to this joint? Name an antagonistic pair of muscles for this joint. Name a synergistic pair of muscles for this joint. Describe in detail how this joint works.