Bio 130 review chapters 19, 21,22,23,24

The final exam will be half materials from this last lecture section and Half material from the last semester.

19: Observable patterns of inheritance

1. What did Gregory Mendel do?
2. Define genes, locus, homologous chromosome, alleles, homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, recessive genotype, phenotype
3. How does one use the above words?
4. What were Mendel's three basic tenets?
5. Monohybrid and dihybrid cross
6. Define and describe independent assortment?
7. Penetrance, polygenic traits and genetic effect on behavior?
8. How does crossing over affect the linkage of two genes?
9. What chromosomes are Autosomes and sex chromosomes?
10. Draw a Puente square to show the ration of boys to girls in a human cross.
11. What chromosomes determine sex?
12. Pedigree analysis (given a simple pedigree problem solve it)
13. Define the following as they pertain to genetics: Abnormal, genetic disorder, genetic counseling
14. Describe and define an autosomal recessive inherited trait
15. Describe and define an autosomal dominant inherited trait
16. Describe and define a sex linked trait
17. Be able to set up and read crosses with the above traits.
18. What is sex influenced inheritance
19. What are the effects of chromosome number on birth
20. Name some syndromes that have too many or too few chromosomes

21:Development and Aging

1. List the stages of development and describes what happens
2. Where is the egg fertilized and where does it eventually end up?
3. List and define the primary tissues.
4. What is organogenesis?
5. How many sperm are deposited in the vagina? How may sperm fertilize the egg?
6. What is implantation?
7. What role does the placenta play in development?
8. Describe an embryo at the end of eight weeks?
9. What happens during the 2nt trimester?
10. Describe the process of birth and lactation?
11. How does the maternal lifestyle affect development?
12. What happens to the body as it ages?
13. What are the causes of aging?
14. What happens to the body system as it ages?

Ch 22 evolution and the Origins of life

1) Who is the person most credited with first explaining evolution?

2) What are the basic principles of evolution?

3) Describe micro and Macroevolution

4) Is it populations or individuals that evolve?

5) Name the sources of variation that allow for evolution to occur.

6) How does selection act on mutations

7) What are the main points to the theory express by Darwin in origin of species?

8) Describe genetic drift and gene flow, how do they change populations.

9) Describe gene flow

10) How does one species become two species?

11) Describe the punctuated equilibrium model of evolution

12) How do fossils form?

13) How does comparative morphology show evolutionary relationships?

14) Describe homologous and analogous structures?

15) Describe comparative biochemistry and nucleic acid comparisons

16) Give the basic format of vertebrates

17) Give the basic format of a mammal

18) What is the habitat of most primates

19) Give the basic format of a primate

20) What ate the key evolutionary trends of humans, IE what separates us form other primates?

21) Explain what is meant by the statement, “modern evolution is cultural, not biological”?

Ch 22,24: Ecosystems and Human Populations

1) Where does life exist on earth?

2) What is the ecosystem?

3) Describe the process of succession

4) What is the ultimate source of energy in the ecosystem?

5) List and describe the jobs of various consumers in the ecosystem?

6) What are the primary produces of the ecosystem?

7) What is meant by the term energy flows and nutrients are recycled?

8) Define a food web, if you were given a number of relationships you should be able to write out a food web.

9) Describe and use ecological pyramids.

10) What are the biological and geological sources of the following: water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous

11) Be able to discuss population density and distribution.

12) How does a populations age structure affect reproduction rate

13) What is zero population growth, what does graphical representation of this look like

14) What is doubling time of a population

15) What is the biotic potential?

16) In what ways can the biotic potential be increased in human populations.

17) What were the previous limiting factor of the human population?

18) Has the carrying capacity of the human population changed over the last several centuries?

19) Know the basics of human population growth

20) What are the different stages used to describe growth in various countries.

21) What stage is the United States in, What stage is Mexico in?

22) What are the effects of air pollution?

23) What is a sustainable world?

For the final study the essay questions from the previous exams. Also cover the old review sheets.

Good luck.

nkko