Review for Bio 130: Exam #2

 

Quiz #2 will be held During Week 9 it will cover chapters 8-11 and 14

Ch #14 The Digestive System and Nutrition  BB link  

1)       Can you follow a quarter as it is swallowed by a child?  List in order the portions of the GI tract that it passes.  What are the normal functions of those portions?

2)       What are the functions of the GI tract, you should find 6 of them.

3)       Can you describe the tissues present in a cross section of a piece of intestine?

4)       Describe the difference between absorption and digestion

5)       What are some things that prevent absorption?

6)       Your well balanced diet should consist of complex carbohydrates 65%, fats and lipids 30% and proteins 15%,

What are the consequences of under nutrition?  Can this be bad for you?  Is it worse in children?

 

Chapters 7 and 8: Blood and the circulatory system BB link

1.       List the components of Blood and their proportions.

2.       What are the tasks that plasma proteins perform?

3.       Describe the Red and White Blood Cells.  Can you describe their f unction?

4.       How is Oxygen transported in blood?  (Serum, hemoglobin)

5.       What are the factors that affect Oxygen binding in tissues and in the lungs?

6.       Describe the life of a Red Blood Cell from its creation to when it is destroyed.  Where doe these occur?

7.       Describe the rout of circulation: heart>> arteries>> arterioles>> capillaries>> venules>> veins>> heart

8.       List the structure of the Heart; do they carry oxegenated or deoxegenated blood?

9.       What is the relationship between Blood Pressure and Velocity in the Cardiovascular System

10.    Know this:  The Normal systolic pressure is 120mm of Hg: normal diastolic pressure is 80 mm.

11.    Know all the parts of a heartbeat.

12.    How Vessel structure Affects Blood Pressure?  How do arteries and veins differ?

13.    Describe the Exchange of fluid and solutes in the capillaries.

14.    Know the Blood typing ABO Blood typing   Rh blood typing

15.    Describe the Cardiovascular Disorders we listed in class.

16.    How and why does the lymphatic system returns excess fluid (lymph) to the bloodstream?

 

Chapter 9: Immunology  BB link

1.     List the bodies Three Lines of Defense and know how they work.

2.       Why do we have Inflammation What are the roles of Macrophages and their like

3.       The Immune system: Define how specificity and memory occur?

4.       Antibody-Mediated Responses    B cells (plasma cells) how do antibodies and antigens interact?

5.       Describe Abnormal or Deficient Immune Responses: Allergies, Aids, and rheumatoid arthritis.

6.       You are exposed to an organism that can cause a disease and it is also resistant to antibiotics.  Describe the process of your infection and how your body would eventually overcome the bacterial infection.  

7.       Differentiate between nonspecific and specific immunity.

8.       How does immunization work?  How come you feel like you have the flue when you get a flue vaccination?  Do you really get a case of the flue?

Chapter 10: Respiration  BB link

1.       Overview of the Respiratory system:  Air moves via this route: nasal cavities à nasopharynx à pharynx àlarynx àvocal cords (space between is glottis) à trachea à Bronchi?à Bronchioles à Respiratory bronchioles à Alveoli.  Be able to recognize these structures on a figure.  See figures 10.1-3 in your text.  Look at the Anatomy Review on the CD.

2.       Where is the site of Gas Exchange in the Lungs

3.       What factors influence gas exchange: transport Pigments, temperature pH.

4.       Ventilation.  Describe the process of taking a breath. (How we inhale and exhale)

5.       How does the body control ventilation and gas exchange?

6.       Describe respiration in unusual environments:  Decompression sickness Hypoxia, CO poisoning

7.       Can you die form holding your breath?  Explain the neural mechanisms that are operating here.

8.       Know how the following Diseases work.  Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, Pneumonia, colds

 

 

Chapter 11: The Nervous system  BB link

1.       Define and be able to use the following: Neurons, Action Potentials, Chemical synapses, Memory

2.       Know the divisions of the Nervous System: The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the brain and spinal cord: The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes all the nerves that carry signals to and from the brain and spinal cord.

3.       States of consciousness: Central nervous system governs sleeping, dozing daydreaming and full alertness: Neurons of the reticular activating system control the changing levels of consciousness by releasing serotonin

4.       Describe the effects of drugs on the Central Nervous System:

5.       What is the result of demyelination of axons?  An example is multiple sclerosis?

6.       Why does drinking large amounts of coffee or other caffeine-containing beverages tend to make a person “nervous” or “jittery”?

 

 

Preview of Materials for Exam #3

 

The material below Is for exam #3 to be held week 14 (November 20th).

 

 

 Ch. 12: Sensory Reception

1.       Sensory Systems: Describe the three component parts of a typical sensory system.

2.       Types of Sensory Receptors: Chemoreceptors, Photoreceptors, Thermoreceptors, Nociceptors.

3.        Sensory Pathways: All sensory receptors convert stimulus energy to local, graded potentials, which may result in an action potential if the stimulus is intense or repeated fast enough

4.       Describe how muscle sense works.

5.       Somatic Sensations: Somatic sensations start in the receptor endings of surface tissues, skeletal muscles, and walls of internal organs: they then travel up the spinal cord to the somatosensory cortex of the brain to be interpreted.

6.       Describe how hearing works by using mechanoreceptors.

7.       Balance: The sense of balance depends on the organs of equilibrium named the…

 

Ch 13: The endocrine system

1)       The Endocrine System: Hormones and other signaling molecules

2)       A target cell’s response to a hormone is dependent on two factors:

3)       Describe the action of a Steroid hormone.

4)       Describe the action of a Non steroid hormone.

5)       Describe how the hypothalamus and pituitary gland work jointly as the neural endocrine control center.

6)       Name 5 Examples of Abnormal Pituitary Output

7)       How does Diabetes occur and how is sugar concentration regulated in the body.

8)       How can Oxytocin be used to induce labor?  How does it work?