Ch22: Descent with
Modification: A Darwinian view of life.
1. Explain the general context in which Darwin viewed biological thought. (what Ideas helped him discover and explain Evolution?)
2. what evidence convinced Darwin that species change over time?
3. Distinguish between artificial selection and natural selection.
4. Explain why the population is the smallest unit that can evolve.
5. Can you give a contemporary example of how natural selection is resulting in evolutionary change?
6. How can molecular biology be used to study the evolutionary relationships among organisms.
7. Distinguish between the scientific and colloquial use of the word "theory".
Ch 24: The Origin of Species
1. What is the difference between anagenesis and cladogenesis?
2. What is the definition of species?
3. Who can gene flow between closely related species be prevented?
4. Explain why many hybrids are sterile.
5. Explain allopatric and sympatric speciation.
6. Why do peripheral populations become different species more often than others.
7. How can polyploidy cause reproductive isolation.
8. What is the difference between autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy.
9. Describe and contrast gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.
ch 25: Tracing Phylogeny
1. Describe how fossils form and why they are important in the study of evolution.
2. how can isotopes be used in absolute dating of fossils?
3. How do mass extinction's occurred and how do they affect evolution of the surviving forms.
4. What are the major taxonomic categories?
5. What is the difference between homologous and analogous structures.
6. What is the difference between a monophyletic and a polyphyletic group. What is meant by the term "natural taxon".
7. What are the contributions of phenetics and cladistics to phylogenetic systematics?
8. How does cladistic analysis use novel homologies to define branch points on phylogenetic trees?
Ch28: The orgins of
Eukaryotic Diversity
1. what are the characteristics of a protist.
2. Provide three major lines of evidence for the endosymbiotic hypothesis.
3. Describe amoeboid movement.
4. List the kingdoms of the protists and be able to distinguish individuals of these kingdoms and the evolutionary differences between these kingdoms.
5. what is the difference between a macronuclei and a micronuclei.
6. Describe what happens during conjugation in Paramecium caudatum
7. compare and contrast the life cycles of the plasmodial and cellular slime molds.
8. Explain the most widely accepted hypothesis for the evolution of multicellularity.
9. Be able to describe the general characteristics of algae
1. Be able to describe the general characteristics of plants.
2. Describe the alternation of generations. Name and describe the function of each stage.
3. What are the advantages and disadvantages to a plants life on land.
4. Describe the series of adaptations from the earliest plant to the most common type of plants today.
5. How is plant diversity considered a nonrenewable resource?
6. What organism did plants evolve from and why do we think this?
7. What are the major divisions of plants and what are the differences between these?
Ch 30: The Evolution of
Seed plants
1. How have the adaptations of seed plants contributed to their success on land?
2. Compare and contrast the life cycles of mosses, ferns, conifers and flowering plants in terms of dominant life cycle stage, where they are Homosporous or heterosporous and the mechanism of gamete transfer.
3. Identify the structure s of the flower.
4. How are fruit modified in ways that help disperse seeds?
1. What mode of nutrition do fungi have?
2. How does the mode of nutrition of fungi affect its structure?
3. Describe the structure of a fungi in detail.
4. List and describe the major divisions of fungi.
5. Describe the following lifestyles of fungi: Molds, yeast's, lichens mycorrhizae.
6. What are the ecological impact of fungi as Decomposers, spoilers, pathogens, food.
7. What is the common ancestor that animals and fungi?
1. Describe the body and reproductive strategies of the sponges.
2. What function do gastrovascular cavities form. Can diploblastic animals rest and digest?;
3. What function does the body cavity serve in triploblastic animals?
4. What advantages are they’re to complete digestive tracts and blood vascular systems?
5. What happened in the Cambrian explosion in reference to the animal body plan?
6. Know the anatomy of a typical flatworm, a tapeworm, a fluke, a roundworm and earthworm.
7. Compare and contrast spiders, insects and crustaceans.
1. list the general characteristics of chordate animals
2. the evolution of vertebrate characteristics are associated with increased size and activity. How is this so?
3. Describe the basic anatomy of a fish.
4. What structures allowed the vertebrates to move onto land?
5. What structures allowed the expansion of vertebrates away from water.
6. How are all the quadruped vertebrates related.
7. How did birds originate?
8. How did mammals originate?