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a truncated timeline of Philippine History 1521-2001 |
1521: Ferdinand Magellan explores the islands now known as the Philippines
1542: Spanish military party claims islands for Spain; names them "Philippines" after Prince Philip, later King Philip II of Spain; Philippines becomes part of Spanish Empire “Another Look at Magellan’s Journey Around the World” Cecilia Manguerra Brainard (Journey of 100 Years)
1886: José Rizal publishes anti-Spanish novel, Noli Me Tangere (The Lost Eden); popularizes independence sentiment
1896: Spanish execute Rizal for instigating insurrection; public outrage spawns rebellion.
1899: Treaty of Paris ends Spanish-American War, cedes Philippines to U.S.
Filipinos declare their independence. “Political Culture and Imperialism: the Philippine Experience” Elizabeth A. Pastores-Palffy (Journey of 100 Years)
“The Marriage of Maria Clara and Uncle Sam: Colonialism and the Education of Filipinos” Edmundo F. Litton (Journey of 100 Years)
1902: William Howard Taft (U.S. governor of Philippines) establishes pensionado program, allowing Filipinos to study in U.S., which helped modernize and westernize the country. America is in the Heart, Carlos Bulosan; “I Remember Fermin 1930” Jeff Tagami
1934: Transition to independence begins; 150,000 Filipinos immigrate to the U.S. from 1906-1946.
1941: Japanese invade Philippines, and defeat Gen. Douglas MacArthur at Bataan and Corregidor; When the Rainbow Goddess Wept, Cecilia Brainard
1945: MacArthur liberates Manila; July 4, 1946: Philippines gains independence; election of the first president Manuel Roxas y Acuna.
1965: Ferdinand E. Marcos becomes president; 630,000 Filipinos immigrate to the U.S. between 1965 and 1984. The U.S.’s 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act and the later political and economic uncertainty created by the Marcos regime in the Philippines increased Filipino immigration during this period. “Our Fathers” M. Evelina Galang, “Assimiliation” Eugene Gloria
1972: Marcos establishes Martial Law
1983: Opposition leader Benigno S. Aquino returns from exile, is slain on arrival at Manila Airport; Benigno's widow Corazon Aguino leads "People Power" protest movement
1986: Marcos defeats Aquino in a presidential election amid charges of fraud; riots erupt; Marcos flees into exile; Aquino forms new government
1990: Filipino Americans number 1,406,770, according to the census. “Assimiliation” Eugene Gloria; “Tongue Tied” Jaime Jacinto
1992: American military presence in the country ends.
1995: Hawaii elects Benjamin Cayetnao as governor, making him the highest ranking Filipino American elected official in the US. “Bride” Alma Jill Dizon—
2001: Public outrage over corruption allegations forces Estrada to step down. Vice President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo assumes the presidency.
Adapted timeline from: http://www.infoplease.com/spot/philippinestime1.html