True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or
false.
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1.
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Red blood cell production is regulated by a hormone called erythrocytosin, which
is secreted by the kidneys.
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2.
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The papillary muscle closes the AV valves during systole.
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3.
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An increased blood vessel diameter causes decreased flow.
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4.
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People require vitamins in part to aid in the blood clotting process.
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5.
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The stroke volume of the left ventricle is greater than the stroke volume of the
right ventricle
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6.
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Lymph vessels and vein have valves, but arteries and capillaries do not.
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7.
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Elastic arteries dampen the systolic pressure and provide pressure during
diastole.
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8.
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When describing how interstitial fluid interacts with the tissue cells it is
said the cells should take a shower, not a bath.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best
completes the statement or answers the question.
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9.
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Which of the following is NOT true about red blood cells?
a. | they have a lifespan of about 120 days | c. | they are produced by the
liver | b. | they contain no nucleus or mitochondria | d. | they can travel through the whole circulatory
system in one minute |
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10.
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Which of the following blood components has an immune function?
a. | albumin | c. | antibodies | b. | hemoglobin | d. | lipoproteins |
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11.
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Which of the following lab tests is NOT useful for determining anemia?
a. | differential leukocyte count | c. | erythrocyte
count | b. | hematocrit | d. | hemoglobin concentration |
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12.
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Lead is the most commonly used lead
and is used to record the flow of electrical activity in normal atrial and ventricular
depolarization.
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13.
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of veins?
a. | low blood pressure | d. | one-way valves | b. | high blood pressure | e. | high volume capacity | c. | large
lumens |
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14.
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Which of the Starlings forces would be affected by liver failure?
a. | tissue oncotic pressure | c. | capillary oncotic
pressure | b. | capillary hydrostatic pressure | d. | tissue hydrostatic
pressure |
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15.
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If a tissue becomes very metabolically active it will:
a. | produce carbon dioxide that causes vasodilation of local blood vessels | c. | become hypoxic in
the absence of local metabolic controls | b. | require increased blood flow to meet its
metabolic needs | d. | all of the
above |
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16.
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What is the function of hematopoietic stem cells?
a. | produce antibodies | c. | kill bacteria | b. | produce blood cells | d. | stimulate immune
system |
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17.
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Theoretically, why is blood type O considered the universal donor?
a. | it has both A and B antigens | c. | it has only the B
antigen | b. | it has only the A antigen | d. | it does not have A or B antigens |
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18.
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Which of the following combinations would produce an Rh incompatibility problem
during pregnancy?
a. | negative man and negative woman | c. | positive man and negative
woman | b. | negative man and positive woman | d. | positive man and positive
woman |
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19.
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The formed elements that contribute to blood clotting are:
a. | erythrocytes | c. | platelets | b. | leukocytes | d. | antibodies |
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20.
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The primary function of hemoglobin is to:
a. | store iron | c. | transport glucose | b. | give RBCs their color | d. | carry oxygen to peripheral
tissues |
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21.
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The role of bicarbonate ion in the blood is to serves as:
a. | a buffer for H+ ion | c. | a carrier of oxygen | b. | a buffer for OH- ion | d. | a carrier of
lipids |
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22.
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Thrombin
a. | is the first activator of clotting factors during clotting | c. | catalyzes the
conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin | b. | is used only by the extrinsic pathway of
clotting | d. | is found only in
the liver |
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23.
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During the cardiac cycle:
a. | the atria contract at the same time as the ventricles | c. | the AV valves open during
systole | b. | the semilunar valves close after systole | d. | the ventricles contract during
diastole
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24.
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The amount of blood in the ventricles just before contraction is:
a. | ejection fraction | c. | end diastolic volume | b. | end systolic volume | d. | mean arterial
pressure |
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25.
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Calcium in the heart:
a. | enters the myocardial cells during depolarization | c. | is responsible for excitation
contraction coupling of the myocardium | b. | contributes to the depolarization of the
myocardium | d. | all of the
above |
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26.
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Which of the following is more likely to cause a decrease in the stroke volume
of the left ventricle in the absence of compensations?
a. | an increase in artery resistance | c. | an increase in the sympathetic
activity to the heart | b. | an increase in end-diastolic
volume | d. | an increase in
venous return |
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27.
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Which of the following is NOT one of the nonspecific defenses?
a. | antibody agglutination | c. | stomach acidity | b. | complement fixation | d. | antimicrobial enzymes in sweat and
tears |
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28.
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Which of the following is NOT a type of pathogen?:
a. | bacteria | d. | prion | b. | virus | e. | parasitic worm | c. | pollen |
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29.
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Which of the following can NOT specifically recognize an antigen?
a. | macrophage | c. | killer T cell | b. | helper T cell | d. | B cell |
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30.
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The process by which monocytes and other white blood cells roll along a
capillary near the site of infection is called:
a. | margination | c. | chemotaxis | b. | diapedesis | d. | phagocytosis |
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31.
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Complement produces particles which coat a microorganism creating a target for
macrophages and neutrophils to phagocytose the organism. This phenomenon is called:
a. | chemotaxis | c. | agglutination | b. | neutralization | d. | opsonization |
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32.
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The virally infected cell:
a. | produces complement to help other cells guard against infection | c. | usually dies before
the virus has a chance to replicate | b. | produces histamines that initiate
complement | d. | produces
interferon to help other cells guard against infection |
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33.
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The vessels that allow some leakage of fluid out into the interstitial space are
called:
a. | arteries | c. | capillaries | b. | veins | d. | lymph vessels |
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34.
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Which of the following blood vessels contains smooth muscle that regulates blood
flow through capillary beds?
a. | arteries | c. | capillaries | b. | arterioles | d. | all of the
above |
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35.
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The muscular layer found in the walls of vessels is thickest in:
a. | arteries | c. | capillaries | b. | veins | d. | lymphatic
vessels |
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36.
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Plasma oncotic pressure is mostly achieved by:
a. | interstitial pressure | c. | blood proteins | b. | hydrostatic pressure | d. | immunoglobulins |
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37.
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Edema may result from:
a. | decreased blood viscosity | c. | decrease in blood
pressure | b. | leakage of plasma proteins into interstitium | d. | fever |
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38.
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Of the following changes, which would cause an increase in the rate of fluid
flow out of the capillaries?
a. | a decrease in capillary oncotic pressure | d. | an increase in arterial blood
pressure | b. | a decrease in interstitial oncotic pressure | e. | a & d | c. | an increase in
plasma protein concentration |
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39.
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Blood pressure:
a. | is greatest in the veins | c. | is lowest in the
veins | b. | is pulsatile in the arteries | d. | increases as cardiac output
decreases |
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40.
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Which of the following chemicals is a major vasoconstrictor?
a. | angiotensin converting enzyme | c. | renin | b. | heparin | d. | angiotensin II |
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41.
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What tissue tends to receive continuous blood flow in all conditions.
a. | brain | c. | digestive tract | b. | skeletal muscle | d. | reproductive
organs |
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42.
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Which of the following changes would cause an increase in the resistance to
blood flow through a vessel?
a. | an increase in diameter of a blood vessel | c. | a decrease in
hematocrit | b. | an increase in blood viscosity | d. | all of the
above |
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43.
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Of the following changes, which would tend to cause an increase in arterial
pressure?
a. | vasodilation of systemic organs | c. | a decrease in
heartrate | b. | an increase in stroke volume | d. | a decrease in total peripheral
resistance |
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44.
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Which of the following does NOT increase when arterial blood pressure
falls?
a. | sympathetic nervous system activity | c. | heartrate | b. | parasympathetic
nervous system activity | d. | myocardial contractility |
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Matching
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Match the following components of the circulatory system to their
actions. a. | heart | c. | arteries | b. | blood | d. | lymphatic
vessels |
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45.
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carry blood toward tissues
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46.
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double pump of blood
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47.
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carries interstitial fluid away from tissues
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48.
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carries oxygen, nutrients, wastes, hormones, etc. to tissues
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Match the following white blood cells to their characteristics. a. | fights parasitic worms | c. | make antibodies | b. | most common type of white blood
cell | d. | involved in allergic
reactions |
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49.
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eosinophils
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50.
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lymphocytes
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51.
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neutrophils
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Match the following. a. | ADH | c. | atrial natriuretic
peptide | b. | aldosterone | d. | angiotensin |
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52.
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secreted in response to low blood pressure
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53.
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secreted in response to increased blood osmolarity
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54.
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directly causes vasoconstriction
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55.
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causes salt and water retention at the kidneys
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Match the effect on the cardiovascular system with the following. Assuming no
compensatory mechanisms. a. | increase | c. | no effect | b. | decrease |
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56.
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Effect of sympathetic influence on the cardiac output
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57.
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Effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the heartrate
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58.
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Effect of arteriosclerosis on the stroke volume
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59.
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Effect of blood loss on blood pressure
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Short Answer
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60.
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Name two anticoagulent drugs. (2)
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61.
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Increasing the
will increase the end-diastolic volume and thus stroke volume. This can achieved by increasing
. (2)
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62.
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A lack of oxygen carrying capacity in the blood is known
as
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63.
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During a routine visit to the MD, she notices a murmur associated with the lub
sound of your heart. What did she detect?
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64.
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For the following ECG, state the following: heartrate. Is the rhythm regular or
irregular? Is there a P wave for every QRS and vice-versa? What is the P-R interval? What is the QRS
period? What is your conclusion? (3) Note: each large box is 0.2 sec.  .
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65.
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Describe and illustrate the positive feedback loop associated with blood
clotting. (2)
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66.
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The body has multiple means of ensuring adequate cardiac output in order to
perfuse body tissues. Draw a flow chart that illustrates at least three of the various mechanisms the
body uses to maintain cardiac output. (6)
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