Primary Sources

Primary Sources: information in its original, first-hand presentation. Often used in historical research, primary sources enable the researcher to “return” to the past and get as close as possible to an historical event or time period. Examples of primary sources include:

• Diaries
• Speeches
• Interviews
• Opinion polls, surveys, census data
• Letters
• Memos, email messages
• Manuscripts
• Memoirs and autobiographies
• Birth and death records
• Texts of court decisions, statutes, state propositions, etc.
• Original artwork
• Articles and books that describe an event or time period written at the time the event(s) occurred. Often written by eye-witnesses or journalists.
• Articles presenting data and results of newly conducted scientific experiments


A primary source – Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address