Great depth of field images:

Requires a small aperture.
Use f/stops like:
f/11, f/16, f/22, f/32

Shallow depth of field images:

Requires large  apertures. 
Use f/stops like:
f/4, f/2.8, f/2

Stop Action or Freeze Frame: requires use of a very fast shutter speed, like 1/500, 1/1000, or faster.

Blurred motion images: use a slow shutter speed like
1/15, 1/8, 1/4 of a second.

Panning motion images: a  variation of blurred motion, the camera follows the subject.

Very long exposures: use of shutter speed  "B."

ZOOMING the lens while taking the pictures.

Bracketing:

Normal or reference exposure.

Over exposure, lighter than normal; about 1/stop more exposure (+1/stop)

Under exposure, darker than normal; about 1/stop less exposure. (- 1/stop)

Note the differences in the lighter and darker parts of the the face. There are no other changes than image exposure, i.e., one picture is not in better focus or clearer than the others.

See the differences in the image details. The lighter exposure allows one to see more in the trees, but you loose detail in the light house tower.

Notice how the changes in exposure affect the "feeling" of the images. You can then use exposure to alter the way viewers respond to your images.